By, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Teuta XHINDI As societies worldwide strive to balance progress with environmental stewardship, the integration of innovative technologies and sustainable solutions in engineering, informatics, and architecture has become essential. The theme “Innovative Technologies and Sustainable Solutions in Engineering, Informatics, and Architecture” highlights how these disciplines can lead transformative changes by adopting new technologies and fostering sustainable practices that support resilient, efficient, and responsible advancements.  

By, Anxhela Feçanji Abstract This paper explores the design and development of an innovative information system aimed at boosting tourism in the city of Korça. The problem addressed is the need for a user-centred platform that provides potential visitors the essential information while promoting the city’s unique attractions. The study begins by examining relevant literature on information systems and their role in tourism, destination decision-making factors, and case studies of similar systems. It also analyzes Korça’s tourism landscape and visitor preferences, identifying gaps and opportunities for innovation. A hybrid research method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was employed. Insights from scholarly literature informed the system’s design, with a focus on engaging visitors in tourism promotion through sharing experiences and recommendations. Technologically, the system was built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front end, and MySQL, and Python (Flask Framework) for the back end, following the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for ease of management and scalability. The results demonstrate that the system effectively showcases Korça’s attractions and fosters interaction between visitors and local businesses. The research concludes that this information system not only provides valuable tourism information but also enhances community engagement. Future recommendations include additional features for further improving user experience and expanding the system’s reach.

By, Ditmira Tahiri, Ardiana Topi Abstract Communication serves as the foundation upon which societies are built, manifesting in various forms such as gestures, sounds, drawing, writing, and speech. However, for individuals with hearing impairments, traditional modes of communication like spoken language can pose substantial challenges. These challenges often result in barriers to effective interaction, not only in personal and social settings but also in educational and professional environments. To bridge this gap, sign language has emerged as an essential and empowering communication tool, enabling individuals with hearing impairments to express themselves with clarity and nuance. Sign language is not just a series of gestures but a fully developed language system. It serves as a vital channel through which individuals with hearing impairments can interact with the world around them, breaking down the barriers that their condition imposes. Despite technological advances, the recognition and interpretation of sign language remain complex tasks, especially given the inherent complexity of sign  languages characterized by multiple channels, including manual gestures, facial expressions, and body language. This study leverages the Python programming language and the YOLOv8 object detection framework to develop a practical sign language recognition application. This system utilizes deep learning and computer vision to interpret sign language gestures in real-time, aiming to address the limitations of existing recognition systems. The developed system achieved a 95% accuracy rate in recognizing sign language gestures, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining Python with YOLOv8 for this application. This research contributes to the field of assistive technologies by providing a versatile and user-friendly tool that can be deployed across various platforms and environments, ultimately enhancing communication and social integration for individuals with hearing impairments.

By, MSc. Arch. Enkeleida Prifti Abstract This study came immediately when I think as an architect and a visual artist at the same time, about convergences between contemporary technologies, visual art and architecture. Technologies, visual art and architecture converge most widely in contemporary conceptual installations. The most important part of 21st century installations is the understanding of 20th century art as an intellectual project. The installation “absorbs” not only all the genres before it, but also the viewer himself. It is three-dimensional and is not just an “object”, but a space organized by the artist, addressing intimate personal experiences as a catalyst for the spiritual rebirth of society.

By, Enxhi Tagani, Erion Curaj, Flavio Koka, Joana Shehaj Abstract Phishing continues to be one of the most persistent and dangerous threats in modern cybersecurity. Attackers disguise themselves as legitimate entities to trick individuals into sharing sensitive information, such as login credentials and financial details. In the banking sector, phishing poses particularly significant risks due to the volume of sensitive data handled. While technological solutions like email filtering and multi-factor authentication (MFA) provide some protection, human error remains a critical vulnerability. A custom phishing simulation software was developed to replicate phishing attacks in a controlled environment, allowing researchers to evaluate employee readiness and response at Credins Bank. This mixed-method approach included quantitative data collected from simulated phishing attempts (spear phishing, vishing, and whaling) and qualitative data from employee surveys. These results were used to identify vulnerabilities and provide insights into the effectiveness of current cybersecurity measures. The phishing simulations revealed that 37% of employees clicked on phishing links, while 14% submitted sensitive information. The results highlighted a delay in reporting phishing attempts, with employees taking an average of four hours to notify the IT department. This finding underscores the need for continuous employee training, the integration of AI-based phishing detection tools, and the improvement of reporting mechanisms. The study suggests that a multi-layered approach—incorporating employee training, adaptive phishing simulations, and AI-driven detection systems—can  significantly reduce the risks associated with phishing. This research serves as a foundation for future development in both phishing defense technology and employee awareness programs.

By, MSc. Eng. Gazmir Hallaçi, Eng. Jona Liçi Abstract Buildings are listed as the biggest consumers of energy and therefore technology in the field of construction has been improved and oriented towards ecological, recyclable and energy efficient materials. One of the best findings in terms of energy efficiency is the use of ventilated facades in buildings. The facade is one of the main technological, functional and protective elements for construction facilities. By itself it represents the outer covering or envelope of a building. Since there are different typologies of facades that are used, then a special attention should be paid to its appropriate selection for buildings in different regions. Nowadays, climate change has become the biggest global concern, and one of the causes is the continuous use of exhaustible resources, therefore, ways are being sought to reduce the consumption of electricity and thus improve environmental conditions and we increase the quality of life. Based on the climatic conditions of a region, it is necessary to choose the right facade that protects the building from atmospheric agents, provides thermal comfort for the residents, is ecological and also has efficiency in energy efficiency.

By, MSc. Orges BESHKU Abstract This article focuses on the studying and improving of the capabilities of a Fanuc M-900iB, 6 degree of freedom industrial robot arm. The main objective is to increase its reach and expand its workspace in situations where parallel production lines in automated industries can use one robot with a wide work frame instead of two robots per each line. In order to achieve these objectives, a complete engineering study of the structural, mechanical, electrical, electronic and software components has been carried out. To make this analysis, evaluation and improvement, the maintenance and construction manuals of this robot, the computer program used in real life as well as its physical study and computer simulation were used as reference. In the mechanical aspect, the structure is studied with all the constituent components such as the base, the joints, the end effector and the links between them with the weight of each component, electrical consumption, ranges of motion, angular velocities, moments of inertia as well as internal components have been considered while the second part of the mechanics covers the kinematics and dynamics in mathematical aspects and computer simulations of the trajectory of its movement, considering the inertia created in the minimum and maximum capacity. In the electrical/electronic aspect, the configuration has been studied in detail including the control unit, main board, servo amplifier, servo motors, power supply unit and transformer. In the second part, the electronic control method, general control block diagrams as well as specific position, speed, and current control block diagrams are presented, explaining the filters and amplifiers associated with each, Bode diagrams, and characteristics of  open and closed systems. In conclusion links 1 and 3 were extended by 0.3m and 0.25m, offering us a much wider and effective working frame of the robot in the workplace. According to the simulations performed the forces required by the change are affordable and within the safety factor for the supply unit with power, amplifier and servo motors.

By, Sildi Shahini, Ardiana Topi, Forsian Elezi Abstract Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is an essential technology for document digitization, enabling the conversion of scanned paper documents, PDFs and images into editable and searchable data. This paper focuses on the application of deep learning in OCR, particularly in digitizing handwritten medical prescriptions, where accuracy is critical for reducing errors and improving healthcare outcomes. Traditional OCR methods face challenges when dealing with handwritten texts due to the variability in handwriting styles and the quality of scanned documents. These limitations can result in recognition errors, which, in a medical context, may lead to serious consequences such as medication errors. To address the above issue, the study explores deep learning approaches, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), that have shown significant promise in overcoming these challenges by learning from large datasets. The study involves collecting handwritten prescriptions, preprocessing the images, and training a deep learning-based OCR model. Performance evaluation metrics, including accuracy, 112 INGENIOUS No. 4, ISSUE 2/ 2024 precision, recall, and F1-score, indicate that the deep learning model significantly outperforms traditional OCR methods in recognizing handwritten prescriptions. The results demonstrate the deep learning model’s ability to handle the variability of handwriting more effectively, providing a more reliable solution for digitizing medical documents. This research underlines the transformative potential of deep learning in OCR technology, particularly for critical applications such as healthcare. The findings advocate for the wider adoption of deep learning in the healthcare sector, aiming to improve patient care, reduce human error, and enhance operational efficiency, especially in pharmacy management and medical record-keeping.

By: Prof. Asoc. Dr. Teuta XHINDI Editorial Albania is blessed with a diverse range of renewable energy (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/xhxj8334

By, MSc. Ing. Armaldela KËRNAJA, Prof. Dr. Ing. Angjelin SHTJEFNI, Dr. Ing. Kreshnik HAKRAMA, MSc. Ing. Hasimin KEÇI Abstract Over the past decade, technological advances have led to the development of more economically feasible photovoltaic systems. These systems are ideal for areas where there is no electricity. Due to growing environmental concerns, new energy sources have been developed that are more sustainable and economically feasible. This means that photovoltaic energy will play a vital role in the production of electricity in industry. The purpose of this study is to understand more about the use of photovoltaic energy in Albania, the installation costs of a photovoltaic energy production system, are these systems assembled and installed according to the IEC 62116 standard. The objective of this study is to identify the models of photovoltaic energy systems that are marketed in Albania, if these systems are according to the European standard IEC 62116, to show the types and installation costs of these systems as well as to understand the amount of annual energy generated by a photovoltaic system that is used in Albania. The methodology used in this study is that of a qualitative and quantitative descriptive research. Descriptive research includes surveys and factfinding investigations of various kinds. We used the qualitative description when we talked about the types of systems, when we talked about the use of PV systems in Albania, but also when we talked about the use of systems according to the European standard IEC 62116. We used the quantitative description when we calculated the costs of installing the PV system in Albania but, and along the calculation of the amount of annual energy generated by a PV system that is used in Albania. Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) systems, Photovoltaic inverters, Active method, Passive method, Utility level methods, IEC 62116.

https://doi.org/10.58944/htra1177

By, Eliona SKENDERAJ Abstract The daily activity of companies is closely related to data. Databases are growing and demand for data per unit of time is increasing and high performance is required to meet this demand. Big data is a collection of large volumes of complex data that exceeds the processing capacity of traditional database architecture. They are also so difficult to administer and organize, and for this reason, the best aim is to find the best and most effective solution. The purpose of this work is to identify the main performance issues that appear while working with databases with large capacities and to propose solutions for such cases. DBMS systems have implemented techniques and tools that monitor data activity and help to improve performance. One of the main directions that focuses on the work of the topic is that of writing requests “query design” in such a way that regardless of the size of the data required, these requests are not delayed and fail. The goal is that, regardless of the proposed writing method, it provides recommendations that will be practically applied in a data warehouse system. In this way, the benefit in performance will be compared. In the end of this paper, it was possible to find very effective and clear solutions. Key words: Database, SQL, query, performance, large capacities.

https://doi.org/10.58944/scvo7831

By, MSc. Ing. Anius KOTORRI, Prof. Dr. Angjelin SHTJEFNI, MSc. Ing. Hasimin KEÇI Abstract This theoretical study delves into the conceptual underpinnings and theoretical frameworks essential for the establishment of a wind-solar hybrid park in Albania. Drawing upon established theories in renewable energy integration, this research examines the fundamental principles of wind and solar technologies, emphasizing their complementary attributes within a hybrid park setting. Theoretical models elucidating the integration, coordination, and optimization of these renewable sources are explored, aiming to address challenges such as intermittency and grid stability. The study further investigates theoretical frameworks concerning economic feasibility, policy support, and environmental sustainability, crucial for the successful implementation of such an initiative in Albania’s energy landscape. By synthesizing theoretical foundations, this study offers insights into the theoretical groundwork necessary to inform and guide the practical realization of a wind-solar hybrid park in Albania. Keywords: Wind-solar hybrid park, Renewable Energy, Feasibility, Electrical energy, Frameworks

https://doi.org/10.58944/hnob5820

By, Msc. El. Ing. Jani PETRO Abstract Smart cities can promote sustainable urban development amidst urbanization and climate change. Urban planning and innovation are crucial to address global challenges. Smart urbanization emphasizes community involvement and sustainable resource use. Technology must consider its impact on daily life and the environment for climate-resilient cities. Smart cities improve infrastructure and public services, requiring supportive policies for inclusivity. Citizens actively contribute to finding solutions in a smart city. Smart cities are more than just technological concepts; they foster innovation and enhance daily life. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, they address current and future challenges for sustainable and inclusive urban development. A sustainable and participatory vision is needed for shaping the cities of the future. The purpose of the article on intelligent urban areas is to clarify the notion of intelligent urban areas, to examine their benefits and challenges, to utilize specific instances to demonstrate the use of technology in the development of intelligent urban areas, and to offer a critical perspective on their impact on the lives of residents and the environment. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of scholarly research and knowledge in this field, emphasizing the role of academic inquiry in advancing our comprehension of intelligent urban area dynamics, identifying optimal methods, and addressing potential issues.

https://doi.org/10.58944/dmoo9812

By, Jugerta GURABARDHI, Teuta XHINDI Abstract Industry 4.0, like in any other field, also in education, has made it possible for the activities of teaching to continue to develop and the efforts made are for distance learning or e-learning. This is related to the integration of systems that synchronize with computers, mobile phones and technology that can manage the learning system electronically. Nowadays, modeling user preferences is one of the most important tasks challenging in e-learning systems. This research aims to use Data Mining (DM) for it analyzed the data collected from the learning management system (LMS) used in e-learning systems. The main goal is to predict the individual learning style by using the Moodle LMS platform and analyze the data through Data Mining techniques. With a large volume of data, such as the time spent on the page, as well as the actions taken by students on the platform, it is intended to adapt models to their current preferences. In this context, the research focuses on the use of Data Mining to improve the quality of education and identify models in educational environments. For her to accomplish this, the study uses well-known data mining techniques and uses an environment analysis called RapidMiner. The study describes how RapidMiner can be used to extract information from the raw data of students in the management system to the students. This paper uses student data captured in the UET LMS management system online teaching and analyzes different algorithms to choose the most suitable ones for the given model. In particular, the analysis of 10 million data records was carried out usage collected from the Learning Management System in 450 online university courses from the period March-June. Keywords: Student Performance, Data Mining, Learning Management System, Analysis, Forecasting, RapidMiner, LMS.

https://doi.org/10.58944/baja2105

By, Lediano DOSKU Abstract The ever-increasing reliance on networked systems has brought about a heightened need for robust network security measures. This diploma thesis aims to explore the effectiveness and practicality of employing honeypots as a means to enhance network security. Honeypots are decoy systems that are strategically deployed to attract potential attackers and gather valuable information about their tactics, techniques, and motives. By analyzing the data collected from honeypots, network administrators can gain crucial insights into emerging threats and vulnerabilities, thereby enabling them to fortify their network defenses. This research project will commence with an in-depth examination of honeypot concepts and classifications. It will delve into the various types of honeypots, including high-interaction, low-interaction, and hybrid honeypots, and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the study will explore the deployment strategies and legal considerations associated with honeypots, addressing ethical concerns and potential implications. Case studies will be conducted to showcase the practical applications of honeypots in real world, that help in detecting, deflecting, and mitigating potential cyber threats. In addition to their defensive capabilities, honeypots can play a vital role in understanding attacker behavior, such as their tactics, motives, and skill levels. This thesis will explore the potential of honeypots as early warning systems, enabling network administrators to proactively adapt their security measures and effectively counteract emerging threats. Key words: high-interaction, low-interaction, hybrid, hacker, firewall, cyber threat, data, log, threat intelligence, false positive, false negative, IPS, IDS, SIEM, OSINT.

https://doi.org/10.58944/zsqz4632

By, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Teuta XHINDI Editorial

In the contemporary landscape, the phrase “digital innovation” (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/owzf4285

By, Msc. Amanda KOTE Abstract The rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the advancement (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/eqld4771

By, Msc. Eglis MURRANI Abstract The study will consist of the seismic reaction of a six-story (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/bfwl7407

By, Eni MEHMETLLARI Abstract The business market nowadays is becoming increasingly (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/bfvt5185

By, Dr. Gentian KAPRATA Abstract The third phase of urbanization of Albania in transition was shaped by (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/uxlu6569

By, Meri NUHAJ Abstract Electricity is one of the greatest gifts that human beings possess. (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/iiny9932

By, Silvana PËRGJEGJAJ, Sokol MARKU Abstract This paper is a part of the master’s thesis with the title “Geotechnical and (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/dgra8877

By, Prof.Asoc.Dr.Teuta XHINDI

EDITORIAL

Technology is having profound effects on multiple facets of our (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/bpyu2171

By, MSc. Albina HOXHA, PhD. Irma GUGA, PhD. Aurora BINJAKU

Abstract

Throughout history, technology development has created (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/vtll5448

By, MSc. Arch. Enkeleida PRIFTI

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to define and evaluate architectural solutions (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/pewj9665

By, Dr. Gentian KAPRATA

Abstract

The population of Albania in the decade 1989-2001 decreased to about 282 (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/upbp3005

By, MSc. Malvina NIKLEKAJ

Abstract

This scientific article aims to examine the issue of security in computer (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/mcne2043

By, Ph.D. Mimoza DURRESI

Abstract

Day after day we are facing with new challenges created by natural (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/vflc7527

By, Prof. Dr. Petraq PAPAJORGJI

Editorial

The world is at a critical juncture in its energy evolution, (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/vkdb6281

By, MSc. Alesia NAZAJ Abstract The Water Supply sector in the Republic of Albania uses billing systems (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/rjtw7733

By, MSc. Ing. Arben TOPALLI, Prof. Dr. Angjelin SHTJEFNI Abstract Electricity production in Albania is dominated by hydropower plants, (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/arry6391

By, MSc. Eliana GJEDIKU, Ph.D.(c) Roland PLAKA Abstract Docker Container is a virtualization method becoming an alternative (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/nrgy9198

By, Dr. Gentian KAPRATA Abstract During the second phase of urbanization, 2001-2011, the strong dynamics (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/xsjg3614

By, Msc. Jani PETRO Abstract The power factor is an expression of energy efficiency. (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/ukuf1227

By, Prof. Dr. Tania FLOQI Abstract Recently the use of biomass for biogas production is very limited (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/sdsu6603

By, Prof. Dr. Petraq PAPAJORGJI

EDITORIAL

Information technology is vital in our lives in many aspects; it helps enormously while dealing with the dynamism of daily things. There is no field in human activities where there is no role for information technology. Information Technology offers numerous tools to facilitate the development process and exchange of information. Both these processes are the objective of IT to make many tasks more accessible and easy to solve. Thus, the use of technology brings a plethora of various delivery methods. It has access to massive information, uses many tools to enhance learning, and provides excellent examples through simulations and models. Information Technology has had a significant impact on the engineering sector. These new technological innovations include the widespread adoption of 3D printing, robots, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Adopting these innovations has forever changed work processes, design, production, and testing in many engineering sectors. Nowadays is almost natural to sit in a car and enjoy the ride provided by a self-driving vehicle. Software systems/robots translate fluently from one language to another and make automatic summaries of scientific papers. Everything is getting more complex. Ordinary people believe that if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. Engineers believe that it doesn’t have enough features if it ain’t broke.

by, PhD. Paola PATERNA, MSc. Carlo MAROCCHINI, MSc. Srey Mom VUTH, Prof. Dr. Andrea MICHELETTI, MSc. Carlo ROSA, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Alessandro TIERO, PhD. Silvana SUKAJ, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Donato ABRUZZESE Abstract In the past our safety “standard” were much lower than now. We felt comfortable driving cars without a seat belt, without exterior rear mirror, without ABS nor Air- Bag. Today our cars are equipped with sensors and controls much better than the airplanes that flew in second World War. Our continuous request of comfort goes hand in hand with the increasing safety for our life. Most of the machines and equipments around us enjoy of sophisticated control system, but civil structures not yet. Only few special bridges, mainly suspension or cable stay bridges, have some permanent tools to control them, and provide alert communication in case of suspect behaviour. “Normal”, simple bridges miss this type of controls. Buildings, monuments, schools, hospitals, strategic buildings (Civil protection, Municipality, Police Stations, TV stations, communication centers…), all miss monitoring system for structural safety. Most of “smart solutions” refer to domotic (house automation) aspect like temperature, heating/air conditioning, lights, burglar alarm. All of them miss structural health control, forgetting problem like earthquake, structure aging, material decay and so on.Increasing the structural safety control of the buildings with smart devices means to increase the global safety for the cities. The paper introduces some experiences of the authors in this field, and presents some possible scenario for the future. Keywords: Infrastructures, health structure monitoring, IoT for structures, monitoring network How to cite: Paterna, P., Marocchini, C., Vuth, S. M., Micheletti, A., Rosa, C., Tiero, A., Sukaj, S., & Abruzzese, D. (2022). The necessary permanent WIFI health monitoring of the structures as condition for the smart buildings in Smart Cities. Ingenious, 2(1), 15–28.

https://doi.org/10.58944/tkmr6264

by, MSc. Eriksen MERSINLLARI, Prof. Dr. Petraq PAPAJORGJI Abstract This study analyses the use of micro:bit to improve the coding performance and the analytical skills of kids in elementary school. A sample of 460 students ranging from 6th grade to 9th grade and 60 IT teachers were selected and analyzed. Both students’ skills and teachers’ abilities were the focus of the effort to point out the role of the method micro:bit was used to improve overall students’ coding abilities and academic performance. In the end, a web-based application is designed to allow students to get enrolled to attend specific coding courses and thus, improve their coding abilities. Keywords: component; micro:bit, coding skills, educational platforms, digital competencies How to cite: Mersinallari, E., & Papajorgji, P. (2022). The impact of micro:Bit Technology use on improving students’ coding skills. Ingenious, 2(1), 29–36.

https://doi.org/10.58944/wusw7877

by, Prof. Dr. Angjelin SHTJEFNI, MSc. Hasimin KEÇI Abstract Nowadays the issue of energy is becoming more and more discussed in the public. In the academic system this topic is getting more and attention than before. And this the right thing. In the Republic of Albania, we are passing through an energetical crisis. We produce the electrical energy using water resources. This indicates that we depend on a lot of form weather conditions. During the end of fall and during the winter we produce electrical energy more than we need and we sell it with lower prices, from the other side during the spring and summer, due to the drought, we cannot produce the necessary electrical energy that we need. As a result, to fulfill the needs of the country, we are obliged to buy the electrical energy that we need with a higher price than we sell it. And we are now talking about the best case: the case that we have a good situation of rainfalls. But do we have other opportunities to produce electrical energy form other sources? Of course, we have. Due to its geographical position and climate, Albania has a lot of opportunities to produce the energy that it needs using other renewable energy sources as: sun, wind, and geothermal sources. In this study I am going to give a panorama of our needs for energy. In this study I am going to present where can we produce energy from these sources. I am also going to present also other opportunities of building new plants to produce energy using water and how can we produce more energy combining two sources like for example water and sun. Generally to heat buildings we use conventional sources of energy (coal, gas or diesel). Instead of these sources, we can use renewable sources of energy. I am going to compare the costs for the heating of different buildings using diesel from one side and solar panels and geothermal sources from the other side. How to cite: Shtjefni, A., & Keçi, H. (2022). Production of electrical energy from renewable sources of energy in Albania. Ingenious, 2(1), 114–126.

https://doi.org/10.58944/wuuc5475

by, Dr. Gentian KAPRATA, Dr. Otjela LUBONJA Abstract Since the early 1990s, Albania has entered the path of transition from a monist country of Stalinist socialism and a central planning economy to a country of liberal democracy and a free market economy. This journey has produced, in addition to economic and political freedoms for citizens and everything positive that comes from them, also negative phenomena for society. One of the most evident is the significant decline of the resident population in the country. As we will see in this paper, the population decline during the transition years has come as a result of the two most important contributing components to the country’s demographic level: (i) external migration; and (ii) lowering the birth rate. While external migration is directly reflected in the decline of the country’s resident population, the decline in fertility has an indirect impact because together with the death rate they shape the level of natural population growth. Both of these together, external migration and the level of natural population growth, directly shape the demographic level of the country. This paper observes these two important indicators in a historical dynamic, starting from the 15th century, a time when we can find published information and statistics. In this time context, the paper analyzed the statistics collected in relation to these two demographic indicators, and found that there is a very clear link between the increase in external migration and the decrease in the Synthetic Fertility Index (ISF) with political and economic crises. which the Albanian society has faced during the period under observation. Every time a political instability has been presented, starting from the second half of the 15th century until today, so many times Albanians have left the country. Likewise, the difficult economic situation (i) between the years 1960-1990 of the last century, as a result of the central planning economy, and (ii) the difference between the high economic expectations of the citizens and the actual economic reality in the country along years of transition, have resulted in a steady decline in ISF. Keywords: External Migration, Natural Population Growth, Synthetic Fertilization Index (ISF), Demographic Dynamics, Population and Housing Census.   How to cite: Kaprata, G., & Lubonja, O. (2022). Political destability and economic crisis have produced population losses in Albania. Ingenious, 2(1), 37–55.

https://doi.org/10.58944/tuno3617

by, Dr. Erdet KËLLIÇI Abstract Technology has become a mandatory tool for each of us, making everyone dependent on electronic devices and software applications to stay connected and use services. Producers, integrators and public institutions are aiming to introduce technology on a wide scale regarding country population, trying to make most of the populations part of this community. Albania has started the process of shifting form standard workflow of having service at a fix location to online services in both public and private sector. AKSHI with e-Albania platform is promoting online services to most of services offered by government institution. Still there is a gap in the targeted population to use the services due to their capabilities to use information technologies and lack of suitable devices to do so. Albanian Central Election Commission introduced for the first time in elections history countrywide electronic identification using biometric technology and piloting electronic voting. This paper aims to show the result obtained when sensitive services like election are fully supported by technology including everyone that can vote without having a targeted population. The trust of the voters, institutions, organizations and stack holders toward technology in the voting process is analyzed based on real data and facts to support the outcome of this paper. Keywords: electronic voting, integrity, elections, technology, biometric identification, cyber security. How to cite: Këlliçi, E. (2022). Increasing public trust through technology, eVoting Case Albania. Ingenious, 2(1), 84–93.

https://doi.org/10.58944/wdbh7774

by, Msc. Roland PLAKA Abstract Context: Digital data is being stored in large quan- tities in Cloud, requiring data backup and recovery services. Due to many factors such as disasters and other disruptive events, the risk of data loss is huge. Therefore, backup and data recovery are essential and effective in improvement of system availability and maintaining Business Continuity. Nevertheless, the process to achieve the goal of business uninterrupted faces many challenges regarding data security, integrity and failure prediction. Objective: This paper has the following goals: analyzing systematically the current published research and presenting the most common factors leading to the need of Disaster Recovery and backup plan; investigating and identifying the adopted solutions and techniques to prevent data loss; and lastly, investigating the influence Data Recovery and Backup has in terms of business continuity and identifying the privacy and security issues regarding disaster recovery process. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted, in which 45 papers, dated from 2010 to 2020 were evaluated. Results: A set of 45 papers is selected from an initial search of 250 papers, including 10 papers from snowball sampling, following the references from some paper of interest. These results are categorized based on the relevant research questions, such as causes of disasters, data loss, business continuity, and security and privacy issues. Conclusion: An overview of the topic is presented by investigating and identifying the following features: challenges, issues, solutions, techniques, factors, and effects regarding the backup and recovery process. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Backup, Data Recovery, Disaster Recovery, Data loss, Business Continuity, Data Security, Data Privacy. How to cite: Plaka, R. (2022). Backup & Data Recovery in Cloud Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study. Ingenious, 2(1), 94–113.

https://doi.org/10.58944/pwhk4843

by, Dr. Gentian KAPRATA Abstract Albania of the fourth decade of transition presents a series of problems related to the urban and territorial development. This paper analyzes the initial causes of urban and territorial problems, which are correlated to the savage communist past and beginnings of the political and economic transition of the country. At the end of the communist regime, Albania was one of the countries of the socialist camp with the highest level of implementation of the ideology, principles and practices of Stalinist socialism, which made the Albanian political transition very difficult. Lack of democratic heritage, high level of indoctrination of society and especially the ruling elite of the transition, were the main reasons for this delay. The economic transition of the country also presented a strong challenge. The central planning economy, in the last years of its implementation, would fail in many respects. This would bring, not only an extreme poverty of Albanian families in the moments of transition, but also a real lack of economic activities, which in a private management could bring more employment to the population in the future. This general context of the transition would reflect the same difficulties in the transition of territorial governance, as an integral part of the transition as a whole. The liberal and democratization reforms pursued in the early years would include land ownership, buildings, housing, urban planning and development processes. As a consequent, the country has experienced a high decline in the resident population, as a result of foreign emigration. But what influenced the strong changes of the urban, territorial and spatial dimension of the country, was internal migration. This massive internal migration would reshape the territorial model of population distribution across national territory, the spatial structure of the inhabited centers and the urban quality of life in Albanian cities. There are four most important preconditions that would produce this massive internal migration, which originate from the savage communist past and the political and economic transition reforms: the inability of the territorial government to understand its new role in urban and territorial issues; the decline of basic public services (education, health) as a result of the departure of ‘nominees’ from the party-state in cities different from those of their origin; loss of employment of citizens in state-owned, bankrupt, closed or in the process of privatization enterprises; free movement of citizens and freedom to choose residence. Two would be the main financiers of this construction development that shaped the urban and territorial model of the country, which originate from the political and economic transition reforms: income provided by interaction in the free market of real estate from citizens who had privatized state-owned housing in their use; remittances provided in emigration, after allowing the free movement of citizens outside the national territory. Keywords: concentration of power, political transition, economic transition, territorial governance, urban development, internal migration, forced residency, voluntary residency, liberal reform. How to cite: Kaprata, G. (2022). Albania’s urban and territorial dimension was a product of the savage communist past and the difficult transition of the country. Ingenious, 2(1), 56–75.

https://doi.org/10.58944/ykgm4856

by, Prof. Dr. Mimoza DURRESI

Abstract

The Covid 19 challenge, the increased aging population, and the modern (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/rycc2468

by, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gafur MUKA

Abstract

The chrome mine in Bulqiza has been exploited since 1948. (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/xbdw8881

By, MSc. Aurela KALLJA

Abstract

Information systems have become an integral part of our lives. The demands for software (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/uqak8608

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Abstract

Water is a natural resource, with limited quantities and unevenly (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/qtbz7918

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Abstract

ERP software can integrate all the processes needed to run (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/uilx6037

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Abstract

As road transport constitutes the main mode of movement in Albania, (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/hmrd9912

By, MSc. Ing. Luciano ZEFI

Abstract

Every year, the use and application of photovoltaic systems (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/hixz9282

By, MSc. Megi DUÇI

Abstract

This paper aims to document all the stages of the development of (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/ldbx9041

By, MSc. Shaqir SULAJ

Abstract

A model is a simplification of a reality, an abstraction, which neglects (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/oumr7402

by. Shpresime Gjeta, Ilirjan Malollari, Sami Makolli, Armela Mazreku

Abstract

There is an effective and recommended way of using waste glycerol, (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/yfxf2291

by, Petraq Papajorgji, Ardita Todri, Orkida Ilollari

Abstract

The Covid19 pandemic interrupted the normal teaching process (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/zvii5843

by, Stela Sefa, Tania Floqi, Julian Sefa

ABSTRACT

The wastewater treatment plant (WWTPD) located in Durrës, (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/nmms8997

by, Enkeleida Prifti

Abstract

The purpose of this project and study is to determine and evaluate the sustainability (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/hkbi6530

by, Silvana Sukaj, Pierluigi Abiuso, Paola Paterna, Donato Abruzzese

ABSTRACT

Recently developed self–centering moment resisting steel frames (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/ieul2512

by, Klodiola DHAMO, Rezarta SHKRELI, Amilda BALLATA

ABSTRACT

It has been shown that coronary heart disease (CHD) is related to high (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/rzzg6945

by, Valdet Gashi, Arben Dushi

ABSTRACT

This paper treats some problems connected to the strategies (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/dxyg6163

by, Petraq Koka

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the main results of numerical analyses carried (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/jozo6575

By. Besime Sh. KAJTAZI, Tania FLOQI

ABSTRACT

Kosovo’s waters are unevenly distributed in time (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/gchz9344

By, Prifti.H, Floqi.T

Abstract

One of the main environmental problems in Albania (more…)

https://doi.org/10.58944/pnyn2359