Synergistic Effects of Physiotherapy and Pharmacological Treatment in Chronic Pain

By Xhejni KURTI, Dorina DERVISHI

Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to examine the synergistic effects produced by combining physiotherapy interventions with pharmacological treatment in the management of chronic pain, with a focus on improving functional outcomes and enhancing overall quality of life.
Design/methodology/approach: A narrative synthesis of current evidence was conducted, drawing on clinical studies, systematic reviews and guidelines related to multimodal chronic pain interventions. The approach evaluates the interaction between physiotherapeutic techniques—such as therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, neuromodulation and electrotherapy—and commonly used pharmacological agents,
including NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and neuropathic pain medications.
Findings: Evidence indicates that integrating physiotherapy with pharmacological treatment provides enhanced analgesic effects, facilitates functional recovery and reduces long-term medication dependence. Synergistic benefits include improved neuromuscular performance, modulation of central sensitization and increased patient adherence to rehabilitation. The combination appears especially effective in
conditions such as chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis, cervical pain syndromes and neuropathic disorders.
Research limitations/implications: The heterogeneity of study designs and variations in treatment protocols limit direct comparability. Further controlled research is needed to identify optimal modality pairings and dosage–exercise combinations.
Practical implications: Combined interventions may support more efficient clinical decision-making, reduce pharmacological side effects and promote sustainable long-term outcomes in rehabilitation settings.
Originality: The study highlights the growing importance of synergistic multimodal strategies in chronic pain management and offers a consolidated analysis of current interdisciplinary evidence