Universities as Catalysts for Sustainable Development: Advancing SDG 3 in Post-Communist and Western Balkan Contexts

By Jonila GABRANI

Abstract
Post-communist countries, including those of the Western Balkans, continue to face significant public health challenges such as high non-communicable disease (NCD) burdens, workforce shortages, weak preventive services, and limited health literacy. At the same time, universities across the region are undergoing substantial transformation under European integration pressures, offering new opportunities for alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Purpose: This paper examines how universities in post-communist and Western Balkan contexts can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) by strengthening public health capacity and supporting health system reform.
Design: A narrative review and conceptual analysis were conducted using academic literature, WHO and EU frameworks, regional health indicators, and higher education reform trends to identify mechanisms through which universities can advance SDG 3. Findings: Five pathways for university engagement emerged: curriculum integration of prevention and health promotion; interdisciplinary research and digital/public health innovation; community health literacy initiatives; development of healthy and sustainable campus models; and evidence-informed contributions to national health policy and SDG monitoring. Despite challenges such as limited funding, weak research infrastructure, and health workforce emigration, universities remain key actors for long-term health improvement.
Research limitations: As a conceptual review, findings may not be generalisable across all institutional settings. Empirical studies are needed to assess implementation.
Practical implications: The findings can guide universities and policymakers in aligning curricula, research priorities, and institutional strategies with SDG 3.
Social implications: Stronger university engagement can enhance health literacy, equity, and community well-being.
Originality: This paper offers an early integrated framework for how universities in post-communist regions can operationalise SDG 3.