The impact of psychological self-diagnosis on mental health among young adults in Albania: Shkodra’s case

By Admir DAHATI

Abstract
Purpose: This study explores the psychological and social factors influencing self-diagnosis of mental disorders among individuals aged 18–35 in Albania, with particular attention to the role of social media, stigma, and limited access to professional mental health care. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing focus group discussions with 24 participants across four demographically diverse groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes related to mental health perception, self-diagnosis, and online media influence. Findings: Findings indicate that self-diagnosis is driven by a complex interplay of media exposure, lack of psychoeducation, social stigma, and healthcare inaccessibility. Participants reported difficulty differentiating normal emotional experiences from clinical disorders and often relied on social media for mental health information. Self-diagnosis was described as both empowering and disorienting, with implications for identity formation and help-seeking behavior. Research limitations/implications: The study’s qualitative scope and limited sample size restrict generalizability. Future research should adopt mixed methods and cross-cultural comparisons to deepen understanding of self-diagnosis dynamics. Practical implications: The results suggest a need for targeted psychoeducation, increased access to professional care, and ethical oversight of mental health content in digital media environments. Social implications: The findings underscore the broader societal impacts of misinformation and stigma on mental health outcomes, especially in emerging democracies with limited health infrastructure. Originality/value: This study provides novel insights into self-diagnosis in a Southeast European context, contributing to global discourse on digital mental health, stigma, and youth vulnerability.