Managing Challenging Behaviors in a Preschool Boy with Advanced Verbal Skills through ABA Therapy. A Case Study of Educator Lack of Understanding and Behavior Reduction Strategies

By Dr. Migen SULAJ, Msc. Raina BABARAMO

Abstract
This case study explores the implementation and outcomes of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy in the management of challenging behaviors in a five-year-old boy attending preschool. Although the child possesses very good verbal skills that are beyond his age, he exhibits challenging behaviors with high frequency and intensity, including disobedience, aggression, destruction of materials, victimization, attention seeking, rejection, and difficulty engaging in social play. These behaviors significantly affected his involvement in learning and peer relationships. Classroom educators expressed difficulty and uncertainty in how to manage these behaviors, often using ineffective strategies due to a lack of training in behavior-based interventions. The child was treated with individual ABA therapy by the psychologist who is also the child’s therapist, for one hour per day, four times a week, at the KODDI Center. He also participated in group ABA therapy once a week for 90 minutes to improve social skills. Continuous collaboration with educators was carried out through data collection and information exchange. Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) showed that the problematic behaviors had a function to get attention, avoid demands and have access to preferred objects. Based on the FBA, a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) was developed and then implemented in the clinic and at school. A companion was recommended for the child at preschool. The results showed a significant reduction in problematic behaviors, improved acceptance and increased social interactions. The study emphasizes the essential role of ABA in understanding the function of behavior, the importance of interprofessional collaboration and the need for training of educators in inclusive preschool education.