Evolution of National Security Concept in Albania

By Gjen. Maj. Doct. Ilir XHEBEXHIA, Msc. Joana RAMAJ, Prof. Dr. Kristaq XHARO

Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of Albania’s military thought from the declaration of independence in 1912 to the present day. The study examines the key periods of development in military thought, focusing on external influences and internal political, economic, and social transformations. It aims to reveal how Albania, as a small state in the Balkans, has adapted its military strategies in response to ongoing geopolitical challenges. The methodology employs historical and comparative analysis, investigating major phases in Albania’s military history.
Key sources include historical literature, military documents, and strategic analyses of the independence period, World War II, the post-liberation era, and changes brought by the pluralistic system. The central research question is: How has Albania’s military thought evolved from a domestic defensive strategy to international cooperation and participation in peacekeeping operations? The study aims to analyze the dynamics that have shaped the country’s military policy and their impact on Albania’s integration into international security structures. Ultimately, this paper sheds light on the transformations in Albania’s military thought and their influence on contemporary defense policies.