{"id":6605,"date":"2020-12-04T15:07:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T15:07:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uet.edu.al\/?p=6605"},"modified":"2020-12-04T15:07:39","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T15:07:39","slug":"dssh-uet-xhepa-3-dekada-tranzicion-se-kane-sheruar-ekonomine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uet.edu.al\/en\/dssh-uet-xhepa-3-dekada-tranzicion-se-kane-sheruar-ekonomine\/","title":{"rendered":"DSSH UET\/ Xhepa: 3 dekada tranzicion s\u2019e kan\u00eb \u2018sh\u00ebruar\u2019 ekonomin\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Universiteti Europian i Tiran\u00ebs zhvillon p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtatin vit radhazi Konferenc\u00ebn e Dit\u00ebve t\u00eb Studimeve Shqiptare me tematik\u00eb tranzicionin shqiptar, \u201cNga partizan\u00ebt tek profesor\u00ebt\u201d.\u00a0 Kjo konferenc\u00eb ishte parashikuar t\u00eb zhvillohej n\u00eb fund t\u00eb muajit prill, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zgjatjes s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb dhe diktimit nga rregullat e reja, ajo do t\u00eb zhvillohet online n\u00eb Teams dhe rrjetet sociale, m\u00eb 4 dhjetor.<\/p>\n

Konferenca e Dit\u00ebve te Studimeve Shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr aktivitetet shkencore m\u00eb t\u00eb praruara dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb z\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit Europian t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, e cila synon t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb bashk\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb studiues shqiptar\u00eb dhe\u00a0 nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb fushave t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb politik\u00ebs, ekonomis\u00eb, sociologjis\u00eb, psikologji, financ\u00eb, arsim, antropologji, IT, inxhinieri dhe arkitektur\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt diskutojn\u00eb rolin formal mbi riformatimin e praktikave dhe institucioneve q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb sektor\u00ebt jetik n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe rajonin. Viti i shtat\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj konference, p\u00ebrkon nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me 30 vjetorin e tranzicionit shqiptar, e p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjedhur q\u00eb tem\u00eb diskutimi t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kontributi politik dhe vendimmarr\u00ebs i profesor\u00ebve n\u00eb tranzicionin shqiptar, pasi disa nga figurat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme politike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe vinin nga fusha akademike.<\/p>\n

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Por si nisi tranzicioni n\u00eb fush\u00ebn ekonomike, \u00e7far\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrimesh p\u00ebsoi dhe \u00e7far\u00eb rrug\u00ebsh u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, krahasuar edhe me vendet e tjera ish-komuniste? Lidhur me k\u00ebto pik\u00ebpyetje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, Presidenti i UET-s\u00eb, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ekspert i ekonomis\u00eb, Dr. Prof. Selami Xhepa dikton n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb intervist\u00eb disa nga problematikat ky\u00e7e q\u00eb u krijuan nga ndryshimi i sistemeve, disa prej t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb mbartur deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, si p.sh. problemi me pronat. Xhepa thot\u00eb se pavar\u00ebsisht zhvillimeve dhe progresit shqiptar, dekada e tret\u00eb e tranzicionit e gjen Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje stacionariteti, prandaj sipas tij n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e ardhshme duhet t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ribalancim t\u00eb sistemit.<\/p>\n

Kushtet e nisjes drejt tranzicionit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shembja e sistemit komunist n\u00eb fakt kishte filluar t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitej q\u00eb prej fillimit t\u00eb viteve \u201980 t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar. Rritja ekonomike n\u00eb disa vite (1984, 1986,1987) kishte sh\u00ebnuar nivele negative dhe kjo do t\u00eb kulmonte me nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb rreth 1\/3 t\u00eb prodhimit komb\u00ebtar gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 1990-1992. Paraliza totale ekonomike dhe paaft\u00ebsia e industrive t\u00eb krijuara gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb komunizmit p\u00ebr t\u00eb konkurruar n\u00eb tregjet tashm\u00eb t\u00eb hapura n\u00eb ish-vendet e tjera t\u00eb Lindjes, me t\u00eb cilat kishim orientuar tregtin\u00eb ton\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme, krijuan nj\u00eb papun\u00ebsi masive n\u00eb vend. Prodhimi p\u00ebr frym\u00eb kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb nga rreth 600 USD n\u00eb fillimet e viteve 1980, n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 300 USD n\u00eb vitin 1992. Ndryshimi i sistemit n\u00eb vitin 1992 dhe liberalizimi i \u00e7mimeve, prodhuan nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb hiperinflacioni (236% n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 1992) dhe nj\u00eb g\u00ebrryerje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb bler\u00ebse t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs. Nga nj\u00eb vend ku nuk njihej fenomeni i borxhit publik, menj\u00ebher\u00eb ai kaloi nivelin e 40% t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Shkurt, rrug\u00ebtimi drejt ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut do t\u00eb niste nga nj\u00eb baz\u00eb ekonomike shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Cilat ishin shtyllat e reformave mbi t\u00eb cilat po nd\u00ebrtohej sistemi i ri shoq\u00ebror?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baza institucionale kryesore e nj\u00eb sistemi ekonomik \u00ebsht\u00eb prona. Raporti me pron\u00ebn p\u00ebrb\u00ebn dhe vij\u00ebn ndar\u00ebse midis doktrin\u00ebs marksiste dhe kapitalizimit. Nj\u00eb proces masiv i de-shtet\u00ebzimit, ose privatizimit t\u00eb pron\u00ebs publike, bashk\u00eb me krijimin e kushteve p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarrjen e lir\u00eb private, ishin starti nga ku po fillonte nd\u00ebrtimi i bazave institucionale t\u00eb kapitalizmit shqiptar. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se vendi nuk kishte pasur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ndonj\u00eb tradit\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin e kapitalizmit, pasi periudha parakomuniste kishte pasur thjesht tipare t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie protokapitaliste. Por, problemi madhor do t\u00eb krijohej me raportet e reja q\u00eb u krijuan midis t\u00eb pron\u00ebsuarve t\u00eb rinj dhe trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb ligjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pronave t\u00eb shtet\u00ebzuara nga regjimi komunist, problem q\u00eb edhe sot vazhdon t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb peng t\u00eb gjith\u00eb progresin ekonomik dhe shoq\u00ebror, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 konflikteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha sociale q\u00eb ka krijuar n\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto vite.<\/p>\n

Duke ndjekur edhe rekomandimet q\u00eb tashm\u00eb njihen gjer\u00ebsisht si \u201cKonsensusi i Uashingtonit\u201d, liberalizimi, derregullimi dhe stabilizimi makroekonomik ishin tre shtyllat mbi t\u00eb cilat u bazua e gjith\u00eb filozofia e reformave gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

A prodhoi kjo filozofi rezultatet e pritshme? \u00c7far\u00eb b\u00ebri ndryshe Shqip\u00ebria krahasuar me vendet e tjera n\u00eb tranzicion?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kushtet fillestare shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb raport me vendet e tjera n\u00eb tranzicion, mendoj se kan\u00eb diktuar reforma disi m\u00eb radikale se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. E njohur si \u201cterapia shock\u201d, ajo u besua t\u00eb ishte si rruga m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr vendin, jo vet\u00ebm thjesht nisur nga konsideratat ideologjike, por edhe duke gjykuar kontekstin se ku ndodheshim. Nivelet tep\u00ebr t\u00eb larta t\u00eb borxhit publik q\u00eb u krijuan menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas shembjes s\u00eb sistemit komunist dhe t\u00eb ardhurat shum\u00eb modeste q\u00eb prodhonte ekonomia, e cila akoma nuk kishte nj\u00eb sektor privat t\u00eb zhvilluar q\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuonte n\u00eb sistemin tatimor t\u00eb vendit, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nj\u00eb program t\u00eb gjer\u00eb ristrukturimi dhe pastaj privatizimi, ishin t\u00eb pamundura. Kufizimi i fort\u00eb buxhetor vepronte si nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb serioze. Por, edhe kur vendi filloi t\u00eb eksperimentoj\u00eb nj\u00eb program t\u00eb till\u00eb disa vite m\u00eb von\u00eb (1995-1996)\u00a0 pas nj\u00eb kredie t\u00eb but\u00eb t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, u pa se problemet e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb kapaciteteve menaxheriale dhe organizative, ishin nj\u00eb kufizim po aq serioz sa dhe ato financiare. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, ky eksperiment d\u00ebshtoi. N\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim, mendoj se n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, zgjidhjet jan\u00eb diktuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga konteksti se nga p\u00ebrzgjedhjet e q\u00ebllimshme. Edhe kur kemi ndjekur modelet q\u00eb ndoq\u00ebn vendet e tjera n\u00eb tranzicion, rezultatet tek ne kan\u00eb qen\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyese. Nj\u00eb e till\u00eb p\u00ebr shembull \u00ebsht\u00eb eksperienca jon\u00eb me privatizimin masiv ku ne ndoq\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin model si dhe \u00c7ekia, por n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb ne d\u00ebshtuam. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, i gjith\u00eb programi i privatizimit mund t\u00eb shihet realisht si nj\u00eb proces i likuidimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb aseti t\u00eb falimentuar dhe jo si transferim pron\u00ebsie i nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrje funksionuese.<\/p>\n

Pas tre dekadash, sot ne shohim se me gjith\u00eb progresin q\u00eb ka arritur shoq\u00ebria, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb nisjen e dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb, duket se dekada e tret\u00eb e ka futur vendin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje stacionariteti. Si\u00e7 d\u00ebshmon grafiku q\u00eb pasqyron ecurin\u00eb e prodhimit p\u00ebr frym\u00eb. Edhe pse duket nj\u00eb rritje nga viti 2017, kjo dedikohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb pasimit demografik t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe jo rritjes ekonomike.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shqet\u00ebsim serioz mbetet p\u00ebrhapja e gjer\u00eb\u00a0 e varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe nivelet e larta t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb n\u00eb vend, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb cenojn\u00eb kohezionin shoq\u00ebror dhe n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, edhe vet\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sistemit politik e shoq\u00ebror. Ndaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb koha q\u00eb n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e re t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ribalancim m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomia t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universiteti Europian i Tiran\u00ebs zhvillon p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtatin vit radhazi Konferenc\u00ebn e Dit\u00ebve t\u00eb Studimeve Shqiptare me tematik\u00eb tranzicionin shqiptar, \u201cNga partizan\u00ebt tek profesor\u00ebt\u201d.\u00a0 Kjo konferenc\u00eb ishte parashikuar t\u00eb zhvillohej n\u00eb fund t\u00eb muajit prill, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zgjatjes … <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6606,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-te-ndryshme"],"yoast_head":"\nDSSH UET\/ Xhepa: 3 dekada tranzicion s\u2019e kan\u00eb \u2018sh\u00ebruar\u2019 ekonomin\u00eb - UET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uet.edu.al\/en\/dssh-uet-xhepa-3-dekada-tranzicion-se-kane-sheruar-ekonomine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DSSH UET\/ Xhepa: 3 dekada tranzicion s\u2019e kan\u00eb \u2018sh\u00ebruar\u2019 ekonomin\u00eb - 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